The chlorine and harmful additives added during PVC manufacturing can have adverse effects on the environment. Also, improper disposal of PVC can lead to the release of toxic chemicals. 

PVC exhibits eco-friendly features such as durability, recyclability, and energy-efficient manufacturing. Nevertheless, the inclusion of toxic additives poses environmental risks. These concerns, however, can be effectively addressed by adopting lead-free, non-toxic additives in the PVC manufacturing process.

The sustainability of PVC pipes involves multiple aspects, such as durability, recyclability, energy-efficient manufacturing, lower greenhouse gas emissions and use of lead-free stabilizers instead of traditional toxic stabilizers.

Ceramics, HDPE, linoleum and copper are sustainable alternatives for PVC. Moreover, PVC manufactured using lead-free stabilizers is a sustainable alternative to PVC manufactured with traditional stabilizers.